Task Allocation in Human-Robot Collaboration: A Simulation-based approach to optimize Operator’s Productivity and Ergonomics

This paper delves into the transformative realm of Industry 4.0, emphasizing the pivotal role of Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) in redefining manufacturing landscapes. Central to this revolution is the integration of cyber-physical systems, automation, and the Internet of Things (IoT), culminating in the advent of smart manufacturing. We explore how HRC fosters a synergistic work environment, blurring the traditional boundaries between human workers and robotic counterparts. This research emphasizes the importance of intelligent task allocation in optimizing operational efficiency while safeguarding the ergonomic well-being of human operators. A simulation-based approach is presented, focusing on task allocation within HRC contexts to enhance both human operators' productivity and fatigue levels. The study provides an analysis of fatigue dynamics and its repercussions on industrial settings. The paper outlines various collaborative scenarios, including sole human operation, robot support, a Flexible Workstation (F-WS) support, and combined robot-FWS support, evaluated through a case study of an assembly station. The results underscore the tangible benefits of integrating robotic and F-WS support, demonstrating a balanced improvement in processing speed, operator efficiency, and a significant reduction in fatigue accumulation. In conclusion, this paper advocates for a balanced, human-centric approach to Industry 4.0, where the integration of HRC and ergonomic considerations pave the way for a sustainable, efficient, and health-preserving industrial future.