Imaginary refractive-index effects on desert-aerosol extinction versus backscatter relationships at 351 nm: numerical computations and comparison with Raman lidar measurements

A numerical model is used to investigate the dependence at 351 nm of desert-aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients on particle imaginary refractive index mi. Three ranges 0.005 mi 0.001, 0.01 mi 0.001, and 0.02 mi 0.001 are considered, showing that backscatter coefficients are reduced as mi increases, whereas extinction coefficients are weakly dependent on mi. Numerical results are compared with extinction and backscatter coefficients retrieved by elastic Raman lidar measurements performed during Saharan dust storms over the Mediterranean Sea. The comparison indicates that a range of 0.01 to 0.001 can be representative of Saharan dust aerosols and that the nonsphericity of mineral particles must be considered.