Driver, Vehicle, and External Environment Monitoring Architecture in a Smart Road Scenario

Growing urbanization and increasing traffic density call for smart road solutions that optimize urban mobility and improve the safety of pedestrians and drivers. Smart road infrastructure, integrated with advanced sensing and communication systems, plays a key role in preventing accidents, efficiently managing traffic flows, and reducing the environmental impact of mobility. Cooperative technologies based on V2X communication enable the real-time exchange of information among vehicles, infrastructure, and cloud platforms, promoting a shared vision of the driving scenario and enabling more timely responses to risks. The ACTIVE-EV project fits into this scenario by proposing an advanced smart mobility platform that transforms vehicles into intelligent, active agents within urban ecosystems. Its core objectives are to enhance road safety through real-time monitoring of driver state, vehicle and road conditions, and obstacles, improve traffic efficiency and reduce environmental impact, and enable predictive maintenance via integrated sensor networks. Specifically, ACTIVE-EV introduces an advanced Driver Monitoring System that continuously evaluates the driver's psychophysical state using biosignals and posture monitoring, contributing to safer, more cooperative, and inclusive mobility. A key technological innovation is the combination of Edge Computing and Federated Learning, which allows real-time data processing on the vehicle while supporting privacy-preserving, collaborative AI model training in the cloud.