Integration of Industry 4.0 Technologies for Enhancing Healthcare Efficiency and Patient Care: A Comprehensive Literature Review

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of Industry 4.0 adoption in healthcare, identifying the critical need for innovative solutions to address existing inefficiencies and to improve patient outcomes. Through the use of the Scopus scientific database and well-defined criteria, 34 documents are identified and classified. They span various medical sectors, including cardiology, oncology, and neurology. The findings highlight the application of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, Digital Twin, and Blockchain and Internet of Thing technologies in healthcare, discussing both their transformative potential and the challenges they present. The paper concludes by underscoring the necessity for continued innovation and the development of a robust, comprehensive tool—such as the ANTHEM project—that can significantly enhance healthcare delivery, particularly for vulnerable and chronically ill patients in underserved regions. Additionally, the study addresses future challenges associated with the digital transformation of healthcare, particularly concerning interoperability, data privacy, and security.