Towards Real-Time Task Allocation in Human-Robot Collaboration: Defining Key Requirements and Features for a Multi-Simulation Digital Twin System

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0, introduces transformative changes in manufacturing by integrating advanced digital technologies, with Human-Robot Collaboration playing a central role. This paper conducts a comprehensive literature review to identify critical research gaps in the field of Human-Robot Collaboration within the context of Industry 4.0, focusing on task allocation between humans and robots in assembly lines, and defines key requirements and features necessary for developing a multi-simulation-based Digital Twin. The review reveals that existing studies often adopt a fragmented approach, concentrating either on productivity or ergonomic aspects without integrating them holistically. Additionally, it highlights the inconsistent use of ergonomic methodologies and the lack of real-time, operator-driven solutions in current Digital Twin models. These gaps are addressed by key requirements and features necessary for developing a multi-simulation-based Digital Twin system that optimizes task allocation in Human-Robot Collaboration environments. The identified requirements include the integration of ergonomic and productivity data, real-time data exchange capabilities, and the use of established ergonomic methodologies