Performance evaluation of a TDR-based system for detection of leaks in buried pipes

Water-leak detection is extremely important for the optimization and rationalization of water resources. However, the techniques that are currently used for individuating leaks are extremely time-consuming; also, they require highly-experienced personnel and often become unreliable when measurements are not performed in specific operating conditions of the pipe (e.g., high water pressure). On such bases, in this paper, a time domain reflectometry (TDR)-based system for the non-invasive detection of leaks in underground metal pipes is presented. This system was validated through specific experimental tests, performed on a length of pipe where leaks were intentionally created. Experimental results demonstrate not only that the proposed system can successfully individuate the position of the leak (still reducing the inspection time with respect to traditional methods), but most importantly, they demonstrate that the system fares well even when multiple leaks are present. In this paper, after a brief description of the theoretical principles behind the proposed system, the experimental validation of the system is thoroughly described and commented on.