High optical quality cellulose thin films grown from raw natural cotton by pulsed laser deposition

Raw natural cotton harvested in the fields of Thessaly, Central Greece, was used to grow high optical quality, highly durable cellulose thin films by pulsed laser deposition, using 193 nm ArF laser pulses. Standard pulsed laser deposition conditions at room temperature were applied and raw, unprocessed, natural cotton targets were used. The semi-crystalline cellulose of natural cotton converts to very durable solid films that are fully transparent in the visible wavelength range and exhibit amorphous structure. Thin film quality and surface morphology are parametrically investigated and show a strong dependence on laser fluence. Films deposited at the lowest fluence levels ~ 5 mJ/cm2 on target, close to the observed ablation threshold, exhibit roughness of ~ 1.7 nm rms. The high optical quality of the grown biocompatible cellulose materials proves the unique capacities of laser deposition and processing methods and promise novel biophotonics and other interdisciplinary applications for the health and safety of the citizen.